close vowel

Synonym(s)

Antonym(s)

Related Term(s)

Sources

• MacKay 1989 241

  MACKAY, Ian. (1989) Phonetics and Speech Science. A Bilingual Dictionary. Dictionnaire Bilingue de la Phonétique et des Sciences de la Parole. New York/Bern: Peter Lang.

• HARTMANN & STORK 1972 38

  HARTMANN, R.R.K. & STORK, F.C. (1972) Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. London: Applied Science Publishers.

• TRASK 1996 75

  TRASK, R. L. (1996) A Dictionary of Phonetics and Phonology. London: Routledge. 

• ONISHI 1981 115-116

  ONISHI, Masao. (1981) A Grand Dictionary of Phonetics. Tokyo: The Phonetic Society of Japan. 

• ELL 5101

  The Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics. (1994) Oxford: Pergamon Press.

• MARTINET 1964[trans.] 48 (closed vowel)

  MARTINET, André. (1964 [trans.]) Elements of General Linguistics. Chicago: University of Chicago. 

• NASH 1968 32 (closed vowel)

  NASH, Rose. (1968) Multilingual Lexicon of Linguistics and Philology: English, Russian, German, French. Coral Gables, FL: University of Miami Press. 

• PEI & GAYNOR 1954 41 (closed vowel)

  PEI, Mario A. & GAYNOR, Frank. (1954) A Dictionary of Linguistics. New York : Philosophical Library.

• MATTHEWS 1997 57

  MATTHEWS, P.H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

• FINCH 2000 58

  FINCH, Geoffrey. (2000) Linguistic Terms and Concepts. New York: St. Martin's Press.

• RICHARDS etal. 1992 403

  RICHARDS, Jack, PLATT, J. & WEBER, H. (1992) Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching & Applied Linguistics. London: Longman.

• CRYSTAL 2003 77

  CRYSTAL, David. (2003) A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 5th Ed Oxford: Blackwell.