back vowel

Antonym(s)

Synonym(s)

Sources

• TRASK 1996 46

  TRASK, R. L. (1996) A Dictionary of Phonetics and Phonology. London: Routledge. 

• ONISHI 1981 84-85

  ONISHI, Masao. (1981) A Grand Dictionary of Phonetics. Tokyo: The Phonetic Society of Japan. 

• HAMP 1963 19

  HAMP, Eric P. (1963) A Glossary of American Technical Linguistic Usage 1925-1950. Utrecht: Spectrum Publishers. 

• HARTMANN & STORK 1972 25 (= dark vowel, deep vowel, broad vowel)

  HARTMANN, R.R.K. & STORK, F.C. (1972) Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. London: Applied Science Publishers.

• LYONS 1971 103

  LYONS, John. (1971) Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Cambridge: University Press. 

• HOCK 1986 19

  HOCK, Hans Henrich. (1986) Principles of Historical Linguistics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

• PALMATIER 1972 15

  PALMATIER, Robert A. (1972) A Glossary for English Transformational Grammar. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

• MacKay 1989 33, 137, 210

  MACKAY, Ian. (1989) Phonetics and Speech Science. A Bilingual Dictionary. Dictionnaire Bilingue de la Phonétique et des Sciences de la Parole. New York/Bern: Peter Lang.

• MARTINET 1964[trans.] 48

  MARTINET, André. (1964 [trans.]) Elements of General Linguistics. Chicago: University of Chicago. 

• PEI & GAYNOR 1954 25

  PEI, Mario A. & GAYNOR, Frank. (1954) A Dictionary of Linguistics. New York : Philosophical Library.

• FINCH 2000 67

  FINCH, Geoffrey. (2000) Linguistic Terms and Concepts. New York: St. Martin's Press.

• RICHARDS etal. 1992 403

  RICHARDS, Jack, PLATT, J. & WEBER, H. (1992) Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching & Applied Linguistics. London: Longman.