free variant

Antonym(s)

Synonym(s)

Related Term(s)

Sources

• SWADESH 1935 118-120

  SWADESH, Morris. (1935) "The Phonemic Principle", in Language, Vol.10, 117-129.

• PEI & GAYNOR 1954 77

  PEI, Mario A. & GAYNOR, Frank. (1954) A Dictionary of Linguistics. New York : Philosophical Library.

• Dell 1980[trans.] 18

  DELL, François. (1980 [trans.]) Generative Phonology. Trans. By Catherine Cullen.  Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. 

• Ducrot & Todorov 1979[trans.] 172

  DUCROT, Oswald and TODOROV, Tzvetan. (1979 [trans.]) Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Sciences of Language. Trans. by Catherine Porter. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 

• HAMP 1963 28

  HAMP, Eric P. (1963) A Glossary of American Technical Linguistic Usage 1925-1950. Utrecht: Spectrum Publishers. 

• MacKay 1989 237

  MACKAY, Ian. (1989) Phonetics and Speech Science. A Bilingual Dictionary. Dictionnaire Bilingue de la Phonétique et des Sciences de la Parole. New York/Bern: Peter Lang.

• HARTMANN & STORK 1972 89 (= free alternant, non-functional variant, non-contrastive variant, individual variant)

  HARTMANN, R.R.K. & STORK, F.C. (1972) Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. London: Applied Science Publishers.

• TRASK 1996 150

  TRASK, R. L. (1996) A Dictionary of Phonetics and Phonology. London: Routledge. 

• DINEEN 1967 344-345 (= variation)

  DINEEN, Francis P. (1967) An Introduction to General Linguistics. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

• Pike, K. 1967 46, 316

  PIKE, Kenneth L. (1967) Language in Relation to a Unified Theory of the Structure of Human Behavior, 2nd Ed. The Hague: Mouton.

• CRYSTAL 2003 189, 488

  CRYSTAL, David. (2003) A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 5th Ed Oxford: Blackwell.