signified

Related Term(s)

Synonym(s)

Antonym(s)

Sources

• NASH 1968 55 (designatum), 201 (reference), 217

  NASH, Rose. (1968) Multilingual Lexicon of Linguistics and Philology: English, Russian, German, French. Coral Gables, FL: University of Miami Press. 

• BENVENISTE 1971[trans.] 43-44

  BENVENISTE, Émile. (1971 [trans.]) Problems in General Linguistics. Trans. by Mary Elizabeth Meek. Coral Gables, FL: University of Miami Press.

• GREIMAS 1983[trans.] 8-10, 32

  GREIMAS, A.J. (1983 [trans.]) Structural Semantics: An Attempt at a Method. Trans. by Daniele McDowell, Ronald Schleifer & Alan Velie.  Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 

• Ducrot & Todorov 1979[trans.] 100

  DUCROT, Oswald and TODOROV, Tzvetan. (1979 [trans.]) Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Sciences of Language. Trans. by Catherine Porter. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 

• PEI & GAYNOR 1954 197

  PEI, Mario A. & GAYNOR, Frank. (1954) A Dictionary of Linguistics. New York : Philosophical Library.

• HARTMANN & STORK 1972 209

  HARTMANN, R.R.K. & STORK, F.C. (1972) Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. London: Applied Science Publishers.

• ELL 5170

  The Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics. (1994) Oxford: Pergamon Press.

• WALES 1989 420

  WALES, Katie. (1989) A Dictionary of Stylistics. London: Longman. 

• LEHMANN 1992 37

  LEHMANN, Winfred P. (1992) Historical Linguistics, 3rd Edition. London: Routledge.

• NÖTH 1990 60, 88

  NÖTH, Winfried. (1990) Handbook of Semiotics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 

• COLAPIETRO 1993 181

  COLAPIETRO, Vincent M. (1993) Glossary of Semiotics. New York: Paragon House.

• DINEEN 1967 201-202

  DINEEN, Francis P. (1967) An Introduction to General Linguistics. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

• TRUBETZKOY 1969[trans.] 2

  TRUBETZKOY, N.S. (1969 [trans.]) Principles of Phonology. Trans by Christiane A.M. Baltaxe. Berkeley : University of California Press.

• COLLINGE 1990 210

  COLLINGE, N. E. (1990) An Encyclopaedia of Language. London: Routledge.

• MATTHEWS 1997 340

  MATTHEWS, P.H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

• FINCH 2000 28

  FINCH, Geoffrey. (2000) Linguistic Terms and Concepts. New York: St. Martin's Press.

• MARTIN & RINGHAM 2006 185, 187

  MARTIN, Bronwen & RINGHAM, Felizitas. (2006) Key Terms in Semiotics. London: Continuum.

• CRYSTAL 2003 418

  CRYSTAL, David. (2003) A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 5th Ed Oxford: Blackwell.