reference

Antonym(s)

Related Term(s)

Sources

• NASH 1968 55 (Fr. désignation = Eng. designation)

  NASH, Rose. (1968) Multilingual Lexicon of Linguistics and Philology: English, Russian, German, French. Coral Gables, FL: University of Miami Press. 

• TRASK 1993 232-233 (also "reference-dominated language", "reference tracking")

  TRASK, R. L. (1993) A Dictionary of Grammatical Terms in Linguistics. New York: Routledge.

• LYONS 1971 404-405

  LYONS, John. (1971) Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Cambridge: University Press. 

• LYONS 1977 98, 177ff.

  LYONS, John. (1977) Semantics. Vols. 1 & 2. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.

• HARTMANN & STORK 1972 63 (= denotation), 193 (also "reference theory of meaning")

  HARTMANN, R.R.K. & STORK, F.C. (1972) Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. London: Applied Science Publishers.

• WALES 1989 396-397

  WALES, Katie. (1989) A Dictionary of Stylistics. London: Longman. 

• AKMAJIAN etal. 1984 244-246

  AKMAJIAN, Adrian, DEMERS, Richard A., & HARNISH, Robert M. (1984) Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication, 2nd Ed. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

• Clark & Clark 1977 410

  CLARK, Herbert H. & Eve V. (1977) Psychology and Language: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich.

• COLAPIETRO 1993 169-170

  COLAPIETRO, Vincent M. (1993) Glossary of Semiotics. New York: Paragon House.

• BEAUGRANDE & DRESSLER 1981 56

  BEAUGRANDE, Robert de & DRESSLER, Wolfgang. (1981) Introduction to Text Linguistics. London: Longman.

• NÖTH 1990 92ff. (designation)

  NÖTH, Winfried. (1990) Handbook of Semiotics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 

• WEINREICH 1980 4, 390 (note: designation = meaning)

  WEINREICH, Uriel. (1980) On Semantics. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

• NIDA 1975 24 (also "instance of reference")

  NIDA, Eugene. (1975) Componential Analysis of Meaning. The Hague: Mouton.

• GUMPERZ & HYMES 1972 333 (adequate reference)

  GUMPERZ, John J. and HYMES, Dell (eds.). (1972) Directions in Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography of Communication. New York: Holt, Reinhart & Winston.

• ELL 3492ff.

  The Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics. (1994) Oxford: Pergamon Press.

• Ducrot & Todorov 1979[trans.] 247ff.

  DUCROT, Oswald and TODOROV, Tzvetan. (1979 [trans.]) Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Sciences of Language. Trans. by Catherine Porter. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 

• HALLIDAY 1994 312

  HALLIDAY, M.A.K. (1994) An Introduction to Functional Grammar (Second Edition). London: Edward Arnold. 

• LEHMANN 1992 256

  LEHMANN, Winfred P. (1992) Historical Linguistics, 3rd Edition. London: Routledge.

• PALMATIER 1972 143

  PALMATIER, Robert A. (1972) A Glossary for English Transformational Grammar. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

• HAMP 1963 49-50

  HAMP, Eric P. (1963) A Glossary of American Technical Linguistic Usage 1925-1950. Utrecht: Spectrum Publishers. 

• QUIRK etal. 1985 269 (sporadic reference), 1312 (reference edit)

  QUIRK, Randolph, GREENBAUM, Sidney, LEECH, Geoffrey, & SVARTNIK, Jan. (1985) A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman.

• GRIMES 1975 45f. (also "group reference", "reference shift"), 183f. (also "reciprocal reference", "respective reference"), 299ff. (also "field of reference")

  GRIMES, Joseph E. (1975) The Thread of Discourse. The Hague: Mouton.

• LEVINSON 1983 58f., 313-314

  LEVINSON, Stephen C. (1983) Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 

• SEARLE 1979 26f.

  SEARLE, John R. (1979) Expression & Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

• EGGINS 1994 95f. (also "presuming reference", "presenting reference", "homophoric reference", "esphoric reference", "bridging reference", "locutional reference")

  EGGINS, Suzanne. (1994) An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. London: Pinter Publishers.

• GIVON 1984 387f.

  GIVON, Talmy. (1984) Syntax: A Functional-Typological Introduction, Vols. I & II. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

• HALLIDAY & HASAN 1976 31ff. (also "reference item", "personal reference", "extended reference", "text reference")

  HALLIDAY, M.A.K. & HASAN, Ruqaiya. (1976) Cohesion in English. London: Longman. 

• ARNDT & JANNEY 1987 348-350 (inclusiveness of reference, exclusiveness of reference, explicitness of reference, inexplicitness of reference)

  ARNDT, Horst & JANNEY, Richard Wayne. (1987) InterGrammar: Toward an Integrative Model of Verbal, Prosodic and Kinesic Choices in Speech. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

• KESS 1992 211

  KESS, Joseph F. (1992) Psycholinguistics: Psychology, Linguistics and the Study of Natural Language. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

• COLLINGE 1990 145-146

  COLLINGE, N. E. (1990) An Encyclopaedia of Language. London: Routledge.

• DIK I 1997 127ff. (also "constructive reference", "identifying reference")

  DIK, Simon C. (1997) The Theory of Functional Grammar, Part 1, 2nd edition: The Structure of the Clause. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

• DOKE 1935 185 (also "like reference", "unlike reference")

  DOKE, Clement M. (1935) Bantu Linguistic Terminology. London: Longmans, Green, & Co.

• ERC 111

  Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition. (1996) New York: Garland Publishing, Inc.

• PEI & GAYNOR 1954 183-184

  PEI, Mario A. & GAYNOR, Frank. (1954) A Dictionary of Linguistics. New York : Philosophical Library.

• DOWTY 1986 45 (reference time)

  DOWTY, D.R. (1986) "The Effects of Aspectual Class on the Temporal Structure of Discourse: Semantics or Pragmatics?", in Linguistics and Philosophy 9, 37-61.

• MATTHEWS 1997 312-313 (also 'reference grammar", "reference tracking")

  MATTHEWS, P.H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

• RICHARDS etal. 1992 310-311

  RICHARDS, Jack, PLATT, J. & WEBER, H. (1992) Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching & Applied Linguistics. London: Longman.

• CRYSTAL 2003 391 (also "arbitrary reference")

  CRYSTAL, David. (2003) A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 5th Ed Oxford: Blackwell.

• FINCH 2000 28, 175-176 (also "constant reference", "variable reference")

  FINCH, Geoffrey. (2000) Linguistic Terms and Concepts. New York: St. Martin's Press.

• MARTIN & RINGHAM 2006 165

  MARTIN, Bronwen & RINGHAM, Felizitas. (2006) Key Terms in Semiotics. London: Continuum.