passive

Related Term(s)

Sources

• HAMP 1963 42

  HAMP, Eric P. (1963) A Glossary of American Technical Linguistic Usage 1925-1950. Utrecht: Spectrum Publishers. 

• TRASK 1993 201-202

  TRASK, R. L. (1993) A Dictionary of Grammatical Terms in Linguistics. New York: Routledge.

• HARTMANN & STORK 1972 165 (passive infinitive)

  HARTMANN, R.R.K. & STORK, F.C. (1972) Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. London: Applied Science Publishers.

• QUIRK etal. 1985 159f. (passive agent, passive subject, passive auxiliary), 168-169 (semi-passive), 169-170 (pseudo-passive)

  QUIRK, Randolph, GREENBAUM, Sidney, LEECH, Geoffrey, & SVARTNIK, Jan. (1985) A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman.

• PALMATIER 1972 119 (passive morpheme, passive test)

  PALMATIER, Robert A. (1972) A Glossary for English Transformational Grammar. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

• WALES 1989 341-342

  WALES, Katie. (1989) A Dictionary of Stylistics. London: Longman. 

• HALLIDAY & HASAN 1976 182-183

  HALLIDAY, M.A.K. & HASAN, Ruqaiya. (1976) Cohesion in English. London: Longman. 

• RADFORD 1988 420f.

  RADFORD, Andrew. (1988) Transformational Grammar: A First Course. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 

• DOKE 1935 162

  DOKE, Clement M. (1935) Bantu Linguistic Terminology. London: Longmans, Green, & Co.

• PEI & GAYNOR 1954 161 (passive case = patient case)

  PEI, Mario A. & GAYNOR, Frank. (1954) A Dictionary of Linguistics. New York : Philosophical Library.

• MATTHEWS 1997 268 (also "passive participle")

  MATTHEWS, P.H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

• CRYSTAL 2003 9 (passive knowledge)

  CRYSTAL, David. (2003) A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 5th Ed Oxford: Blackwell.

• RICHARDS etal. 1992 5 (passive language knowledge)

  RICHARDS, Jack, PLATT, J. & WEBER, H. (1992) Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching & Applied Linguistics. London: Longman.

• KROEGER 2005 272 (passive agent, passive rule)

  KROEGER, Paul R. (2005) Analyzing Grammar: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Synonym(s)

Related Term(s)

Sources

• TRASK 1993 201-202

  TRASK, R. L. (1993) A Dictionary of Grammatical Terms in Linguistics. New York: Routledge.

• LYONS 1971 372

  LYONS, John. (1971) Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Cambridge: University Press. 

• PALMATIER 1972 119

  PALMATIER, Robert A. (1972) A Glossary for English Transformational Grammar. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

• HOCK 1986 321f. (also "promotional passive", "demotional passive")

  HOCK, Hans Henrich. (1986) Principles of Historical Linguistics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

• CHOMSKY 1981 117ff. (syntactic passive, lexical passive)

  CHOMSKY, Noam. (1981) Lectures on Government and Binding. Dordrecht : Foris Publications.

• HALLIDAY 1994 169

  HALLIDAY, M.A.K. (1994) An Introduction to Functional Grammar (Second Edition). London: Edward Arnold. 

• DIK 1978 163

  DIK, Simon C. (1978) Functional Grammar. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co.

• KESS 1992 121 (truncated passive), 128

  KESS, Joseph F. (1992) Psycholinguistics: Psychology, Linguistics and the Study of Natural Language. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

• GRIMES 1975 97

  GRIMES, Joseph E. (1975) The Thread of Discourse. The Hague: Mouton.

• ANDERSON 1971 47-48 (long passive, short passive)

  ANDERSON, John M. (1971) The Grammar of Case: Towards a Localistic Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

• ANDERSON 1977 206ff. (also "short passive")

  ANDERSON, John M. (1977) On Case Grammar: Prolegomena to a Theory of Grammatical Relations. London: Croom Helm.

• HALLIDAY & HASAN 1976 182-183

  HALLIDAY, M.A.K. & HASAN, Ruqaiya. (1976) Cohesion in English. London: Longman. 

• COMRIE 1981 14 (impersonal passive), 75f.

  COMRIE, Bernard. (1981) Language Universals and Linguistic Typology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

• RADFORD 1988 420f.

  RADFORD, Andrew. (1988) Transformational Grammar: A First Course. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 

• DIXON 1994 146f.

  DIXON, R.M.W. (1994) Ergativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

• DOKE 1935 162

  DOKE, Clement M. (1935) Bantu Linguistic Terminology. London: Longmans, Green, & Co.

• ELL 2960-2962 (also "adjectival passive", "passive in NP")

  The Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics. (1994) Oxford: Pergamon Press.

• BENVENISTE 1971[trans.] 153ff.

  BENVENISTE, Émile. (1971 [trans.]) Problems in General Linguistics. Trans. by Mary Elizabeth Meek. Coral Gables, FL: University of Miami Press.

• BROWN & LEVINSON 146-147

  BROWN, Penelope & LEVINSON, Stephen C. (1987) Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.

• RUWET 1973[trans.] 155

  RUWET, Nicholas. (1973 [trans.]) An Introduction to Generative Grammar. Trans. by Norval S.H. Smith. Amsterdam : North-Holland Publishing Co.

• CRYSTAL 2003 339 (also "agentive passive", "pseudo-passive", "semi-passive")

  CRYSTAL, David. (2003) A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 5th Ed Oxford: Blackwell.