imperative

Équivalents français

impératif injonctif ordre₂

Sense / Sens 1

adj

impTratif

Related Term(s)

request₁

Sources

HARTMANN & STORK 1972 108
HARTMANN, R.R.K. & STORK, F.C. (1972) Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. London: Applied Science Publishers.
TRASK 1993 135
TRASK, R. L. (1993) A Dictionary of Grammatical Terms in Linguistics. New York: Routledge.
LYONS 1977 30
LYONS, John. (1977) Semantics. Vols. 1 & 2. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
WALES 1989 237-238 (imperative verb)
WALES, Katie. (1989) A Dictionary of Stylistics. London: Longman.
PALMATIER 1972 72 (imperative transformation, imperative morpheme)
PALMATIER, Robert A. (1972) A Glossary for English Transformational Grammar. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
COMRIE 1981 111 (imperative construction)
COMRIE, Bernard. (1981) Language Universals and Linguistic Typology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
GIVON 1984 810
GIVON, Talmy. (1984) Syntax: A Functional-Typological Introduction, Vols. I & II. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
EGGINS 1994 184-185
EGGINS, Suzanne. (1994) An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. London: Pinter Publishers.
WELMERS 1973 357-358
WELMERS, William E. (1973) African Language Structures. Berkeley: University of California Press.
GAZDAR 1979 16 (imperative morpheme)
GAZDAR, Gerald. (1979) Pragmatics: Implicature, Presupposition, and Logical Form. New York: Academic Press.
LEECH 1983 114
LEECH, Geoffrey N. (1983) Principles of Pragmatics. Longman: London.
ELL 3845
The Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics. (1994) Oxford: Pergamon Press.
MATTHEWS 1997 170, 180 (injunctive)
MATTHEWS, P.H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
CRYSTAL 2003 227
CRYSTAL, David. (2003) A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 5th Ed Oxford: Blackwell.
KROEGER 2005 199f. (imperative verb)
KROEGER, Paul R. (2005) Analyzing Grammar: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Sense / Sens 2

modalitT jussive

Type(s) of

mood

Synonym(s)

command₂ order₂

Sources

HARTMANN & STORK 1972 108
HARTMANN, R.R.K. & STORK, F.C. (1972) Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. London: Applied Science Publishers.
QUIRK etal. 1985 803 (= imperative sentence)
QUIRK, Randolph, GREENBAUM, Sidney, LEECH, Geoffrey, & SVARTNIK, Jan. (1985) A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman.
LYONS 1977 30
LYONS, John. (1977) Semantics. Vols. 1 & 2. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
TRASK 1993 135
TRASK, R. L. (1993) A Dictionary of Grammatical Terms in Linguistics. New York: Routledge.
WALES 1989 237-238
WALES, Katie. (1989) A Dictionary of Stylistics. London: Longman.
PALMATIER 1972 72
PALMATIER, Robert A. (1972) A Glossary for English Transformational Grammar. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
HALLIDAY 1994 87
HALLIDAY, M.A.K. (1994) An Introduction to Functional Grammar (Second Edition). London: Edward Arnold.
LONGACRE 1983 14
LONGACRE, Robert E. (1983) The Grammar of Discourse. New York: Plenum Press.
Clark & Clark 1977 27-28
CLARK, Herbert H. & Eve V. (1977) Psychology and Language: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich.
WEINREICH 1980 46
WEINREICH, Uriel. (1980) On Semantics. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
WELMERS 1973 357-358
WELMERS, William E. (1973) African Language Structures. Berkeley: University of California Press.
COMRIE 1981 111 (also "passive imperative")
COMRIE, Bernard. (1981) Language Universals and Linguistic Typology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
EGGINS 1994 184-185
EGGINS, Suzanne. (1994) An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. London: Pinter Publishers.
GIVON 1984 810
GIVON, Talmy. (1984) Syntax: A Functional-Typological Introduction, Vols. I & II. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
GAZDAR 1979 16
GAZDAR, Gerald. (1979) Pragmatics: Implicature, Presupposition, and Logical Form. New York: Academic Press.
ELL 3845
The Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics. (1994) Oxford: Pergamon Press.
DIXON 1994 131-132
DIXON, R.M.W. (1994) Ergativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
BROWN & LEVINSON 95f.
BROWN, Penelope & LEVINSON, Stephen C. (1987) Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
BYBEE etal. 1994 179
BYBEE, Joan, PERKINS, Revere & PAGLIUCA William (1994) The Evolution of Grammar: Tense, Aspect, and Modality in the Languages of the World. Chicago : Univ. of Chicago.
CRYSTAL 2003 227
CRYSTAL, David. (2003) A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 5th Ed Oxford: Blackwell.
KROEGER 2005 345
KROEGER, Paul R. (2005) Analyzing Grammar: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
RICHARDS etal. 1992 236
RICHARDS, Jack, PLATT, J. & WEBER, H. (1992) Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching & Applied Linguistics. London: Longman.
HALLIDAY 1978 84
HALLIDAY, M.A.K. (1978) Language as Social Semiotic: The social interpretation of language and meaning. Baltimore: University Park Press.