fossilized

Équivalents français

adj

QUIRK etal. 1985 1522
QUIRK, Randolph, GREENBAUM, Sidney, LEECH, Geoffrey, & SVARTNIK, Jan. (1985) A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman.
LYONS 1977 547 (distinguished from "petrified")
LYONS, John. (1977) Semantics. Vols. 1 & 2. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
PEI & GAYNOR 1954 76
PEI, Mario A. & GAYNOR, Frank. (1954) A Dictionary of Linguistics. New York : Philosophical Library.
MATTHEWS 1997 135
MATTHEWS, P.H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
CRYSTAL 2003 187 (= bound, fixed, frozen, set, prefabricated, routine, stereotyped), 188
CRYSTAL, David. (2003) A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 5th Ed Oxford: Blackwell.
RICHARDS etal. 1992 145 (also "fossilization")
RICHARDS, Jack, PLATT, J. & WEBER, H. (1992) Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching & Applied Linguistics. London: Longman.